Whole Grains and Health Benefits

Provident Principles and Practices
© David Edwards, 2008

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PRINCIPLE: In the Word of Wisdom, the Lord states that all grain is good for the food of man. He also encourages us in that revelation to eat fresh vegetables and fruit. To those who faithfully live this law and keep His other commandments, the Lord promises not only blessings of health, but blessings of wisdom, knowledge, and endurance (Doctrine and Covenants Section 89).

PRACTICES: Eating whole grains, such as those grains recommended by the Lord and His prophets for long-term food storage, may dramatically improve our health and well-being. While some people are allergic or sensitive to certain grains, such as wheat or corn, most people who are senstive can tolerate a number of other grains or grain-like foods. It is wise to choose grains for long-term food storage based on individual as well as family needs and wants.

Whole-grain foods in general contain healthful complex carbohydrates, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, anti-oxidants, and essential vitamins and minerals, all contributing to human health.

Many people are unaware of the tremendous health benefits that accrue from eating whole grains. Few people eat enough whole grains. Only about 8% of Americans eat the recommended three or more servings of whole grains per day (see www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/70494.php).

The health benefits of including whole grains in one’s diet are confirmed by modern science. An example of this is a study by Steffen and others on the relationship between whole grains and death (mortality) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). This study took place over 11 years. The study divided subjects into five quintiles (statistical groups) based on average whole grain intake (Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78:383–90). The study showed no decreased mortality or CAD from eating refined grains. However, this study did show that those “in the quintile with a mean intake of 3 servings of whole grain/d had a 23% and 28% lower risk of total mortality and incident CAD, respectively, than did those in the quintile with a mean intake of 0.1 serving/d.” Imagine cutting your chances of death and CAD by 23% and 28% respectively just by changing the type of grains you eat to whole grains!

Additional studies show other health benefits from eating whole grains in moderation. Risk from stroke appears to decrease by 30-36%, and risk from type 2 diabetes appears to decrease by 21-30%. Other health benefits apparently gained by people who eat whole grains include significantly diminished risk associated with asthma, carotid-artery obstruction, inflammatory disease, colorectal cancer, high blood pressure, and gum disease (see www.wholegrainscouncil.org/whole-grains-101/what-are-the-health-benefits; and www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/health-gains-from-whole-grains/index.html).

Abundant recipes exist on the Web for satisfying, enjoyable foods made with whole grains. Here is a link to a Web site that provides some links to recipes for whole grains, whole-grain pastas, and multi-grain dishes. Among whole grains covered are oatmeal, wild rice, kamut, barley, amaranth and bulgar wheat. www.wholegrainscouncil.org/recipes

Graphics credits:

Grain: www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2003/images/bud10c.jpg

At the table: www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/childhood/images/dad_girls_eating.jpg

Heart diagram: www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/images/heart_interior.gif.

Human brain cell (enhanced image): https://cams.llnl.gov/graphics/Fotolia_2948261_sm.jpg
Breads and grains: http://www.ars.usda.gov/IS/timeline/jpgsgifs/k7650-1i.jpg

Groats, Steel-Cut Oats, Rolled Oats, and Oat Flour

Provident Principles and Practices
© David Edwards, 2008

PRINCIPLE: “When we have stored away our grain we are safe, independent of the world, in case of famine, are we not? . . . There are a great many things that we can save . . . wheat, barley and oats.” (Heber C. Kimball, Journal of Discourses, volume 5, p. 20-21)

PRACTICES: Oats are one of many kinds of foods that we can store for a rainy day, whether that rainy day is a time of no work, no money, no opportunity to go shopping, or no food at the store. Oats need to be stored in a cool, dark, dry, oxygen-free setting to store as long as possible. .....................

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Raw oats, when harvested, have an inedible outer layer or hull. During commercial processing, raw oats are cleaned, dehulled, steamed and roasted, yielding groats. Hulling cannot usually be easily done by the average consumer, and people who want to buy groats typically buy them from dealers at natural-food or emergency-food stores. Special unheated groats can be obtained that can be sprouted. Groats are very nutritious, but they are somewhat difficult for people to grind to flour to a consistent size using a grinder. Some people grind their groats in a blender or food processor. Also, instead of grinding groats into flour, you can roll groats into rolled oats using a grain roller.

Steel cut oats are groats cut or broken in processing. They are available in some grocery or natural-food stores. They take a long time to cook, ~ 15-90 minutes. But because steel cut oats are chunks of oat grain, they are not only chewier but they produce a much lower glycemic load to the body. People in Scotland or Vermont often soak steel cut oats overnight in a solution of water and salt and sometimes sweetener to prepare steel cut oats for cooking and to shorten their cooking time. . . .

Regular rolled oats are made by steaming groats, roasting them, steaming them again and running them through a roller. Rolled oats are readily found at grocery stores. They cook much faster (~ 5 min) than steel cut oats. Rolled oats cooked while water is being brought to a boil tend to be creamy; those added after the water has been brought to a boil tend to be flaky. Rolled oats are often made into cookies or granola, added as fillers to soups or stews, or put into casseroles. Rolled oats can also be eaten without cooking, as in no-bake cookies. Regular rolled oats stored in #10 cans with oxygen-removing packets can store for up to 30 years (McEwan et al., 2006, Effects of long-term storage on sensory and nutritional quality of rolled oats, J. Food Science, v. 70 no. 7, pages s453 - s458; see also http://providentliving.org/content/display/0,11666,7798-1-4224-1,00.html).

Quick cooking and instant oatmeal oats, cut and rolled, do not last as long in storage as regular rolled oats. Oat flour can be made and added to bread but it does not store very long. ...

Bran, endosperm, and germ are the nutritious parts of oats. The bran contains fiber, the endosperm contains high-quality protein, and the germ is a rich source of vitamins, healthful oil, and minerals. Pure oats are gluten free. Oats contain soluble fiber, known to help the heart. The FDA allows claims for oats as part of a heart-healthy diet. Eating oats promotes health in other ways as well.

More at www.quakeroatmeal.com/includes/PDFs/FarmtoTable.pdf, www.karenskitchen.com/a/recipe_oat.htm, http://deseretnews.com/cn/view/1,1721,495006685,00.html, and http://homecooking.about.com/library/archive/bloatmeal.htm

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Credits: Drawing of oats from Britton, N.L., and A. Brown, 1913, An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. v. 1:218; photos of steel-cut oats and regular rolled oats are released into public domain, from Wikipedia; photo of oatmeal chocolate chip cookies from www.fns.usda.gov/fdd/images/dessert1-chocchip.gif

Grains Other Than Wheat, and Grain-Like Foods

Provident Principles and Practices
© David Edwards , 2008.+

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PRINCIPLE: “All grain is good for the food of man” – Doctrine and Covenants, 89:16

PRACTICES: Many grain-like foods and grains other than wheat have great flavors. Some provide lysine, which in wheat is deficient. Grains store for years in cool, dry, oxygen-free settings. Ground grain, or flour, has a short shelf life. Some grains can be soaked before cooking to cook faster.

Spelt and Kamut. Spelt and Kamut are hard grains related to wheat. They can be tolerated much better by many people allergic to wheat. Like wheat, spelt or kamut can be stored for decades.

Rye and Triticale. Rye, a soft grain, may store for 6-9 years. Triticale, a cross of wheat and rye, contains much less gluten than wheat. It is a harder grain. Triticale can be stored for decades.

Oats. Rolled oats (rolled hulled oats, called groats) are often used for making hot cereals or cookies or for thickening soups or stews. Properly stored, rolled oats may last for decades.

Rice. Brown rice has a chewy texture and wonderful flavor, but it generally goes rancid after about six months in storage due to deterioration of fat in the germ unless special storage methods are used. Freezing can lengthen the shelf life. If oxygen is also removed, then storage life can be lengthened to several years. White rice, much less nutritious, stores for decades under proper storage conditions.

Popcorn. Popcorn grains can be popped and/or milled into meal or flour. Since popcorn grains are hard, trying to grind them with weak mills may damage them. Under ideal conditions, popcorn grains can be stored for years.

Millet. Millet is a hard cereal grain; essentially a complete protein; gluten-free; alkaline; easily digestible. Not ground, it takes about 30-60 minutes to cook; if ground or soaked, it cooks faster.

Quinoa. Quinoa consists of grain-like fruit/seeds that when cooked can be eaten like rice or cereal. Seeds have high nutritional content, and no gluten. Quinoa contains about 12-18% protein, a balanced set of amino acids including lysine, and essential fiber and minerals. Most quinoa sold in the U.S. is already washed; otherwise, it must be washed thoroughly to remove bitter saponins from its outside surfaces. A soft grain, quinoa may last 6-9 years in storage under optimal conditions.

Amaranth. Amaranth, like Quinoa, consists of grain-like fruit/seeds having high nutritional content: 12-18% protein; high in lysine; gluten-free; with much fiber. It must be cooked. It can be ground and used in bread flour (up to 25%). Amaranth seeds can also be toasted or popped. The seeds can also be rolled like oat groats and cooked. Under good conditions, Amaranth can be stored for years.

Buckwheat. High in lysine content and protein (11-14%) and gluten-free, buckwheat fruit/seeds have three sides. The seeds toast well to become nutty-flavored Kasha. Buckwheat flour is used for making pancakes. Stored properly, buckwheat may last for many years.

Credits (graphics retrieved 2 Sept 2008 from the following sources):

Spelt: Tracey Slotta @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database at http://plants.usda.gov/gallery/standard/trsp3_001_shp.jpg

Rye: http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/photoset/300dpi-jpg/0584.jpg

Oats: http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/images/nsgc/taxon/avsativa.jpg

Rice: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/ReleaseImages/20050718/01_ricefields.jpg ..

Popcorn: www.nasa.gov/images/content/49105main_popcorn.jpg

Quinoa: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Chenopodium_quinoa0.jpg By Kurt Stueber. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this photo under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.

Amaranth: www.ars-grin.gov/ars/MidWest/Ames/repository/oldsitearchive/Images/Crops_amaranth.gif

Ideas for a Three Month's Supply

Provident Principles and Practices

© David Edwards, 2008

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PRINCIPLE: President Gordon B. Hinckley, in this talk, “To Men of the Priesthood”, encourages Church members to begin our food storage programs by getting first a week's supply, and then building that gradually until we obtain a three months supply (Ensign, Nov 2002, p. 58).

PRACTICES: Here are some ideas about possible foods. Modify to meet your family's wants and needs.

THREE MONTH'S SUPPLY

BAKING
Baking powder
Baking soda
Cornmeal
Corn starch
Muffin mix
Pancake mix
Vanilla
Vinegar
Wheat flour
Yeast

BEANS
Canned beans (black, pinto, chili, etc.)
Dry beans
Refried beans

CONDIMENTS
Ketchup, mayo, mustard, pickles, salad dressing, sauces, etc.

DESSERTS
Cake mix, jello, puddings, etc.

FRUITS
Canned fruit
Dried fruit (raisins, dates, apples, etc.)
Frozen fruit
Fruit juice

GRAINS
Cold/hot cereals
Pastas
Rice
Wheat (cracked, sprouted, crackers, etc.)

SEASONINGS
Cinnamon, garlic powder, onion powder, oregano, pepper, salt, etc.

VEGETABLES
Canned veggies
Frozen veggies
Potatoes
MEAT
Canned meat and fish
Frozen meat and fish

DAIRY
Evaporated milk
Powdered milk
Waxed hard cheese

OILS/FATS
Butter
Nuts and seeds
Oil (extra virgin olive, canola, etc.)
Peanut butter

SOUPS AND STEWS
Various

SWEETENERS
Brown sugar, corn syrup, honey, molasses, sugar, etc.

OTHER

Graphics are from http://fitness.ksc.nasa.gov/images/fitness/health/recipes/dutchapplepancakes.jpg,
www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov/month/images/dryfruit_h.jpg,
www.nps.gov/petr/historyculture/images/Ristras.jpg, http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/IMAGES/I-70f.gif, www.ers.usda.gov/AmberWaves/February05/Findings/images/finding_cheese.jpg and
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/oliveoil.jpg.

A Three Months’ Supply of Everyday Foods

Provident Principles and Practices
© David Edwards, 2008

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PRINCIPLE: The providentliving.org Web site reiterates counsel from recent prophets asking us to gather a small supply of foods that we normally eat on a daily basis. One possible approach to doing this is to buy some extra food items every week. We can build our collection little by little until we have a full three months' supply. We need to make sure that we keep rotating that supply, using up old items before using new ones. – See www.providentliving.org/content/list/0,11664,7445-1,00.html

PRACTICES: For over 150 years, Church leaders have asked us to store food as part of a program of living providently. Where possible, they currently suggest that we begin our program by building and maintaining a three-month supply of foods that we normally eat and routinely replenish.

Under appropriate storage conditions, conventional long-term storage foods, e.g., grains, legumes, powdered milk, sugar or honey, and salt, can be stored for decades. However, many of us currently do not know how to effectively prepare and use them. Using long-term storage foods may involve learning how to use grinders, rollers, sprouters, mixers, solar ovens or camp stoves and other tools; finding, developing and sharing recipes; experimenting with soaking and sprouting; trying out different cooking methods, etc. In the aftermath of a large-scale emergency or disaster, having a three-month supply of everyday foods will give us a window of time to learn how to use our long-term storage foods while still subsisting on familiar foods that we already know how to prepare.

Also, many people are not used to eating much grain or legumes. An attempt to suddenly switch from a normal diet to a diet rich in grains and legumes, intended primarily for basic survival, could be difficult physically for many people (e.g., digestion or food-sensitivity issues). It may take time to transition to long-term storage foods, and having a three-month supply of ordinary foods on hand may make a transition to a diet rich in grains and legumes much more comfortable.

Finally, a three-month supply of ordinary foods may help people get through a pandemic wave. The Church recently published eight fact sheets on preparing for pandemic influenza. During a pandemic, the Church recommends social distancing, e.g., staying at least six feet apart from others outside of family, and washing hands carefully, as viruses can be picked up from contaminated environmental surfaces. Of people who get influenza from H5N1 virus, about 60% die. Currently, H5N1 is not easily transmitted from person to person in a sustained manner. However, most experts believe that this virus, or some other virus, will ultimately mutate, allowing easy transmission, and causing illness worldwide. In an H5N1 pandemic, the fatality rate from the virus will likely decrease, but it may still be high. Many people will get sick or die; many will be quarantined. Experts say profound social disruption and food shortages are likely. If feasible, staying at home is advised. Having a three month supply of food may help your family survive. It is said that Dr. Robert G. Webster, a renowned H5N1-influenza expert, is prepared with a three-month supply of food and water at home.

Credits: Picture of cereal and label retrieved 22 Aug 2008 from http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2005/050512.ironcereal.gif; picture of cans is Microsoft clip art; drawing of someone not feeling well retrieved 22 Aug 2008 from http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hepb_ez/images/sick.gif; photo of people afflicted by a wave of the 1918 pandemic influenza retrieved 22 Aug 2008 from http://www.lanl.gov/science/1663/images/flu_hospital_lg.jpg.
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To learn more about the relationship between pandemics and food, see www.pandemicflu.gov/plan/individual/index.html#social, http://providentliving.org/content/display/0,11666,8041-1-4414-1,00.html (Church Web pages), and http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/AvianFlu/story?id=1724801&page=1 (Interview with Dr. Webster).

LDS Home Storage Center in Mesa, Arizona

Provident Principles and Practices
© David Edwards, 2008

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PRINCIPLE: “Come, ye thankful people, come; Raise the song of harvest home. All is safely gathered in, ere the winter storms begin. God, our Maker, doth provide for our wants to be supplied.” – Hymn 94.

Full words and music to this hymn can be found at http://www.lds.org/churchmusic/detailmusicPlayer/index.html?searchlanguage=1&searchcollection=1&searchseqstart=94&searchsubseqstart=%20&searchseqend=94&searchsubseqend=ZZZ

PRACTICES: Thankfully, God, our Maker, does provide a way for us to obtain supplies to fulfill our wants and needs before the winter storms begin. We can safely gather harvested food and other edibles for our homes, either in bulk form (in commercial bags or boxes) or in dry-pack (canned) form, at an LDS Cannery or Home Storage Center (HSC). In Mesa, Arizona, the HSC is in the back part of the complex located at 235 S. El Dorado, off Broadway Road, near Loop 101.

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At the HSC, you can gather and dry pack food as part of your three-month supply of foods that you routinely eat or as part of your long-term storage. Products are rotated on a three-month cycle.

In January, April, July, and October you can dry pack Dry Milk, Regular Oats, Macaroni, Carrots, Apples, and Pinto Beans.

In February, May, August, and November you can dry pack Potato Flakes, Fruit Drink Mix, Sugar, Black Beans, and Rice.

In March, June, September, and December you can dry pack White Beans, Refried Beans, Hot Cocoa Mix, Flour, Onions, and Red Wheat.

Members of the Queen Creek North Stake have an opportunity to order food and then go to the HSC and dry pack it at 1 p.m. on Stake Home Storage Day, the second Tuesday of every month.

To order, phone your ward cannery specialist five to six weeks before Stake Home Storage Day. Let this person know what you’ll need. This person will submit your order to the Stake, which will then submit it to the HSC, and the HSC will prepare the right amount of food.


Each family that orders must send at least one family member to the HSC on Stake Home Storage Day to can food, clean up, pay for the food (checks or money orders only), and take the food home. ...

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If you can’t go on Home Storage Day, the HSC also sets aside the 1st and 3rd Fridays of each month so that members, by appointment, can go and dry pack products available that month. To make an appointment, call Brother and Sister Carter at the HSC at (480) 214-9114. You can also arrange to borrow one of their canning machines and/or buy cans, lids, boxes, plastic covers, etc.

Nonoriginal graphics retrieved 10 August 2008 from

www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov/month/images/beans_pinto.jpg
www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov/month/images/carrots.jpg
www.ars.usda.gov/is/graphics/photos/aug01/k9566-1i.jpg www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov/month/images/apple_3.jpg
www.nsf.gov/news/mmg/media/images/rice_watercolor_h23.jpg
www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/inside/spr08/onions.jpg
http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/wEST/nsf/wheat.jpg www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2004/041223.bean.jpg
www.fec.gov/pages/brochures/check.gif.

The drawing of the rice is by Nicolle Rager Fuller, National Science Foundation.

To learn about food product costs, how much of a given product is found in a #10 can, or for how long you can store a given product, take a look at the home storage center order form, found at
http://providentliving.org/pfw/multimedia/files/pfw/pdf/113827_HSOrderForm_US_JUL_08_pdf.pdf

Wheat and Other Grains: Long-Term Storage

Provident Principles and Practices
© David Edwards, 2008

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PRINCIPLES: “The time will come that gold will hold no comparison in value to a bushel of wheat.” (Brigham Young, Journal of Discourses, volume 1, p. 250) .

“Lay up stores of corn, wheat, oats, peas, beans, buck wheat, and every thing else that can be preserved: for you will see a day when you will want it; and it will be when we shall feel the effects of famine, and when the United States have not any food.” (Heber C. Kimball, Journal of Discourses, volume 4, p. 330)

LDS leaders have not specified everything that each family should store for long-term storage. They have provided us with some guidelines. They suggest that we focus on foods that will allow us to stay alive if no other food is available. Among these foods are wheat and other grains (First Presidency Letter, June 24, 1988; Elder Keith B. McMullin, General Conference, April 2007).

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PRACTICES: Grain is a nutritious long-term food storage item for most people. Wheat, in particular, stores well. At the cannery, you may can wheat in #10 cans once every three months on Stake Canning Day. Order one month ahead. For example, if you request it from the ward canning specialist before Aug 10th, 2008, you may can wheat on the Stake Canning Day at 1:00 p.m. on Sept 9th, 2008 at the LDS cannery in Mesa. You can also purchase good wheat at a reasonable price from some local stores. Usually, each adult needs 300-400 lbs of grain per year for long-term storage.

Uses for Wheat. Wheat can be ground for flour used in many dishes; cracked or rolled for hot cereal; sprouted for snacks, casseroles, etc.; or, grown as wheat grass, blended to make drinks.

Types of Wheat Desirable for Storage. Hard, red or white, winter wheat; high protein content (more than 13%); low-moisture content (less than 10%); triple cleaned; and free from weevils or other bugs.

Storage Containers. Sealed #10 cans with oxygen-removing packets kept in a cool place preserve wheat’s nutrition for up to 30 years and keep out pests. Mylar bags with oxygen-removing packets placed in closed HDPE buckets also preserve wheat well. Wheat stored in containers without oxygen-removing packets may sprout better in the long run but runs the risk of weevil infestation. .

Graphics retrieved 7 August 2008 from (top to bottom) http://minerals.usgs.gov/west/images/gold.GIF; www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/images/am-i-proud-s.jpg (with title deleted using Paint); www.nia.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/776CF822-4FC2-4AD7-8783-EAFF0F808051/5791/eating4grains1.JPG; and www.ars.usda.gov/is/graphics/photos/sep07/d001-1i.jpg

More Info: http://providentliving.org/content/display/0,11666,7532-1-4063-1,00.html; http://providentliving.org/content/display/0,11666,7533-1-4064-1,00.html. Next: LDS Mesa Cannery.

Your Own Water Drum Storage Rack

Provident Principles and Practices
© David Edwards, 2008

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PRINCIPLES: LDS leaders have urged us to develop self-reliance and independence. They have encouraged us, to the extent that we are able, to produce our own goods needed to sustain life. (See, for example, Spencer W. Kimball, General Conference, April 1976).

PRACTICES: In this newsletter, we discuss building your own water drum storage rack.

A filled 55-gallon water drum is very heavy. Here are some ideas that a good brother gave me for constructing strong homemade storage rack for orienting two water drums horizontally for easy filling and drainage. The rack is 31.75 inches wide, 42 inches high, and 32 inches deep. When building and using any storage rack, do so at your own risk . . . get guidance from a pro, if needed.

Wood:

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(4 pieces) 2” x 4” x 42” 2x4s for upright posts
(2 pieces) 29.75” x 36” x 1.25” plywood for sides
(2 pieces) 31.75” x 12” x 1.25” plywood, front and back, lower drum
(2 pieces) 31.75” x 6” x 1.25” plywood, front and back, upper drum

Fasteners:

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(20 items) 4” x 3/8” lag (screw) bolts for front and back plywood
(20 items) 4” x 3/8” hex or carriage bolts for side plywood

Container/taps:

(2 items) new 55-gal food-grade HDPE closed-top drums with bungs
(2 items) threaded water faucets or taps to put in lower bungs

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Filling a Drum. Open the top bung in one 55-gal drum. Connect the threaded faucet or tap in the lower bung to a clean hose. Open the valve on the faucet. Turn water on. Shut off water when you see the water level rise near the top bung. Turn off the valve on the faucet. Close the top bung.

Coming Soon: Dry Pack Canning at the LDS Mesa Cannery

Creative Storage Spaces for Food, Water, Etc.

Provident Principles and Practices
© David Edwards, 2008

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PRINCIPLES: LDS leaders have acknowledged that we may face financial or space issues as we strive to obey the counsel to store food and non-food items. However, they have encouraged us to store as much as we can, given our circumstances (See, for example, the message of the First Presidency, 2007, in All is Safely Gathered in: Family Home Storage).

PRACTICES: Finding space for storing food, water, clothing, and fuel can be challenging. Where possible, store food in cool, dark and dry areas. A dry basement may be ideal. Avoid garages (unless air conditioned) and attics. Consider safety issues. Place heavy goods on concrete, on floors over a concrete slab, or on floors sufficiently supported to hold the weight. Storage near support walls is best. Some storage-space ideas are given here. You can find others as you ponder and pray.

Heavy-Duty Shelving. Strong metal shelving designed to hold objects of great weight is available through wholesale warehouses. Make sure that shelving is put together properly, close to or touching the wall (you may need shims under the front legs), sturdy after being assembled, and immovable after being loaded. Carpenters or others with skills and tools can make similar shelving using plywood or planks and 2” x 4”s (but be wary of termites). Shelving can be placed in pantries, rooms or basements; along hallways; or under stairways (an entrance to the space may need to be opened up first). Used pallet rack can be employed in a garage. Curtains on rods can cover shelves.
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Basements. On-floor options: heavy-duty shelving, buckets, stacked boxes of #10 cans or flats of canned goods on pallets, 55-gallon water drums on mats, mylar bags in lidded metal garbage cans.

In Closets. Boxes of #10 cans can be stacked in closets up to an upper shelf or even to the ceiling, if sufficient floor support exists. A single layer of boxes of cans or cases of water topped by a mat can provide a surface on which to put shoes, located below a shirt or dress rack. 5- or 6-gallon buckets can be placed one or two levels high in a closet. Back-of-door storage may work in some closets.

Under Beds. Cans on flats or in boxes can be placed under beds or cribs. Bed mattresses can be placed on stacked boxes of #10 cans. You can place plywood with rounded corners and taped sides on top of a layer of two dozen or so 5-gallon buckets and place a mattress directly on that.

Rooms. Boxes of #10 cans can be stacked in corners near support walls, if there is sufficient floor support. Nightstands, end tables or coffee tables can be made of draped storage containers. A layer of #10 cans in boxes can support carpeted plywood panels that together comprise a raised floor.

Garages. 55-gal drums can be set on pads on the floor. Custom wooden racks can store water drums horizontally. Items that can withstand temperatures in a garage can be stored on used pallet rack or on heavy-duty shelving. Some use A/C in a garage to make storage of canned goods possible there.

Click on photos to magnify them and see details.

Credits: Heavy-duty metal shelving, wood shelving, garbage can, under-bed storage, and wall storage photos are used by permission from a .ppt presentation called "Why Should You Be Prepared" by avfoodstorage as found at
http://www.ldsavow.com/forum/downloads.php?do=file&id=436

Other photos are from homes of members of the DM Ward.

Additional info: www.byub.org/livingessentials/shows/15.asp;
http://extension.usu.edu/htm/faq/faq_q=465; Coming Soon: Dry Pack Canning at the LDS Mesa Cannery